KLK4 and Hepatic fibrosis: We recently reported that during the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis, plasma kallikrein (PLK) activates TGF-β by cleavage between R58 and L59 residues within LAP and that one of its by-products, the N-terminal side LAP degradation products ending at residue R58 (R58 LAP-DPs), can be detected mainly around activated HSCs by specific antibodies against R58 cleavage edges and functions as a footprint of PLK-dependent TGF-β activation.