In addition to anti-retroviral potential of PARPi, the anti-inflammatory effects of PARP suppression in rodent models of meningitis and stroke, brain injury, and MS are important for HAND treatment as they attenuate leukocyte infiltration across the blood brain barrier and neuroinflammation (Lenzsér et al., 2007; Farez et al., 2009; Lescot et al., 2010; Rom et al., 2015). The gene discussed is PARP1; the disease is Stroke.