Genes that regulate vesicle and synapse function, including those encoding different isoforms of synaptophysin (SYP), SNAP25, synapsin (SYN), synaptogyrin (SYNGR1), synaptobrevin (VAMP), synaptotagmin (SYT), syntaxin-1 (STX1), synaptopodin (SYNPO) and PSD-95 are downregulated in the hippocampus and EC at moderate and severe AD stages (Liang et al., 2010; Ginsberg et al., 2012; Counts et al., 2014). Here, SYP is linked to Alzheimer disease.