We have previously shown that in the central nervous system (CNS), RLR signaling contributes to the process of reactive astrogliosis following spinal cord injury [14], and that retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I), an RLR PRR, is elevated in the cortex of patients with early signs of Alzheimer’s disease (mild cognitive impairment), contributing to the production of amyloid precursor protein and amyloid-β [15]. Here, DHX58 is linked to Alzheimer disease.