In our previous studies, we demonstrated that bone marrow (BM)-MSC infusion significantly ameliorated hyperglycemia through improved insulin sensitivity; and the results also showed that BM-MSCs promoted restoration of pancreatic islets and β cells in T2D rats, whereas the ‘increased' islet and β-cell numbers were not generated by cell proliferation. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.