In contrast, BM-MSC infusion significantly increased LAMP2 expression, and the double-positive cells were rarely seen in BM-MSC-treated T2D rats, indicating that BM-MSC infusion led to enhanced autophagic activity of pancreatic β cells with concurrent reduction of β-cell apoptosis, which was consistent with our results of in vitro study (Figures 8a and b). The gene discussed is LAMP2; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.