Thus the restoration of (i) cognitive impairment of gamma irradiated rat was related to the restoration of the level of Homer 1a in the hippocampus and cortex of the brain [16], (ii) radiation-induced pneumopathy and pulmonary fibrosis corresponded to the restoration of increased TGF ß-1 mRNA and over expression of α SMA in the lung [15], (iii) renal glomerular and tubule-interstitial function by suppression of the renin-angiotensin system despite the fact that no evidence exists to date of the activation of the renin-angiotensin system by irradiation [38]. Here, SMN1 is linked to Cognitive impairment.