Mouse lacking full length Dystrophin Dp427, or the short C-terminal isoforms Dp71s, show altered presynaptic ultrastructure in excitatory (Glutamatergic) hippocampal synapses, which may contribute to the intellectual disability characteristic of the X-linked DMD [59], and supports our observation about the possible contribution of Dp71s expression in the acquisition of the neurotransmitter phenotype (GABAergic vs Glutamatergic) during hippocampal neuronal differentiation. Here, DMD is linked to Intellectual disability.