MIF and central nervous system cancer: Polajeva et al. reported that MCs were detected in both low- and high-grade gliomas [54], and it was concluded that (a) MC accumulation in these tumors increased as grade malignancy increased, (b) neutralization of the glioma-derived macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) reduced the extent of MC migration, (c) the magnitude of MC recruitment correlated with the level of MIF, and (d) MIF-induced accumulation of MCs in vivo was associated with activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) [54].