We found that in the MAPK, p53, and Wnt signaling pathways, there were significantly more genes with unstable repeats in their promoters (after Bonferroni correction [29], WRS test, P = 0.03, P < 10−8, P < 10−5, respectively, see Fig. 4a) between tumor-normal genomes compared to normal genome pairs. The gene discussed is TP53; the disease is neoplasm.