In this study, we quantitatively assessed the cell surface expression levels of cytokine receptors, including IL-2Rα, IL-2Rβ, IL-3Rα, IL-4Rα, IL-5Rα, IL-6Rα, IL-7Rα, the common β-chain (βc), γc, granulocyte-macrophage CSFRα (GM-CSFRα), G-CSFR, M-CSFR (c-fms), the thrombopoietin receptor (TPO-R, also known as c-mpl), stem cell factor receptor (SCF-R, also known as c-kit), fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3), and GP130 in leukemia cells from a large population of adult AML patients by flow cytometry and evaluated their prevalence and prognostic significance. This evidence concerns the gene IL3RA and acute myeloid leukemia.