In the present study, patient-derived CAFs and HPFs activated in vitro with either TGFβ or IL6 were comparatively analyzed for gene and microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles, with the aim to define transcriptional pathways responsible for fibroblast activation and establish whether different subpopulations of CAFs may exist in PCa. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is posterior cortical atrophy.