The aims of the present study were; 1) to determine the prevalence of ocular diseases according to CD4 count and 2) to determine factors associated with CMV retinitis and other ocular diseases, with a special focus on the presence of ocular symptoms, in order to assess the clinical utility of routine ophthalmologic screening by an ophthalmologist for patients with HIV-1 infection in a resource-rich setting. This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and cytomegalovirus retinitis.