TRIM32 and Bardet-Biedl syndrome: As the Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS) gene product BBS11/TRIM32 facilitates the accumulation of ubiquitinated GLIS2/NPHP7,11 and interacts with wild-type and mutant GLIS2/NPHP7 (Figure 2a), we tested whether BBS11/TRIM32 differentially affects the ubiquitination state of wild-type or mutant GLIS2/NPHP7.