Further studies of T2DM and non-diabetic subjects, with a larger sample size and carefully controlled for adiposity, medical history, treatment, and family history of T2DM, will be needed to ascertain the full utility of pancreatic VMAT2 measurements by PET with [18F]FP-(+)-DTBZ in this subset of patients with diabetes. This evidence concerns the gene SLC18A2 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.