Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (Griga et al., 1999a, ,c), intestinal mucosa (Griga et al., 1999a, , 2002), adipose tissue (Schaffler et al., 2006), and fibroblasts (Beddy et al., 2004) have all been suggested to provide VEGF-A in IBD and may be particularly important for IBD-associated angiogenesis. Here, VEGFA is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.