NCF1 and infection: Conversely, it is worth mentioning that not all p47phox-/- mice are completely resistant to MHV-3, and these animals eventually still died from the infections (Fig 8B), together with some virus infected mice still produce high levels of IL-1β and virus titers, suggesting the presence of other mediators that in response to the virus challenge, are capable of activating NLRP3 inflammasome in vivo.