The granuloma scores of the PDE-challenged mice on days 7 and 10 were significantly increased compared with days 0 and 2 (day 0: 0.01 ± 0.01, day 2: 0.30 ± 0.10, day 4: 0.60 ± 0.19, day 7: 1.10 ± 0.22, day 10: 1.18 ± 0.17; Fig 3A). The gene discussed is ALDH7A1; the disease is Granuloma.