Stimulation with B. ovatus did not result in significant differences in the release of any of the cytokines (i.e. IL-1β, IL-2, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17, TNF-α or IFN-γ) in PI-IBS patients compared to healthy controls (Table 2). The gene discussed is CXCL8; the disease is irritable bowel syndrome.