On the basis of a combination of fold change and potential biological role in T1D pathogenesis, 9 genes—Chi3l3, Lamp2, Vamp2, Sirt7, Tbk1, Pstpip1, Psmc2, Shc1 and Dag1—were selected for validation in PB in an independent cohort of 13 NOD.CD45.2 mice between the ages of 6 and 12 weeks (genes highlighted in Supplementary Table 1). Here, PSTPIP1 is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.