No significant differences were found between genotypes for either sex in the rates of congestive heart failure, cardiomyopathy, osteoarthritis, hypogonadism, history of alcohol or tobacco abuse, use of over-the-counter medication for arthritis, diabetes medication (including insulin), proportion of individuals with imaging studies (e.g., abdominal ultrasound or echocardiogram), presence of arthralgia, pain on palpation of proximal interphalangeal or metacarpophalangeal joints, or skin hyperpigmentation. Here, INS is linked to diabetes mellitus.