The International Parkinson's Disease Genomics Consortium (IPDGC) dataset shows 2 missense and 1 frameshift mutations in PTEN (all in PD cases, no rare variants were found in controls); 4 missense, 1 frameshift and 1 stop-gained mutations in ASNA1; and 5 missense and 1 deletion mutations in VAPB. With the exception of three common variants in VAPB, all others are exceedingly rare in the population (Table 4) and heterozygous in the IPDGC dataset. This evidence concerns the gene VAPB and Parkinson disease.