Dysregulation of clock gene expression by proinflammatory cytokines has been described in fibroblasts, human pancreatic cancer cells, and in leukocytes in vitro, and in the liver and SCN of mice with CD40 mediated inflammatory syndrome or upon treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from gram-negative bacteria, interferon alpha (IFN) or TNF [29–34]. Here, IFNA1 is linked to familial pancreatic carcinoma.