TLR9 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Although some of these associations suggest a potentially exaggerated inflammatory response associated with the TLR9(T1237C) allele, other studies of TLR SNPs are more consistent with the hyporesponsive profile of alveolar macrophage inflammatory responses to bacteria pathogens that we observed in COPD ex-smokers expressing TLR9(T1237C) [11,12].