Our previous studies have revealed that EGFR mutations could up-regulate the expression of PD-L1 via p-ERK1/2/p-c-Jun pathways [9], while LMP-1, an important oncogene in nasopharyngeal carcinoma could also induce the expression of PD-L1 through STAT3, AP-1, and NF-κB pathways [16]. Here, JUN is linked to nasopharyngeal carcinoma.