In Figure 1E, we observed LNCaP cells did not express N-cadherin, so we compared the sensitivity of PC3 (N-cadherin expressing) and LNCaP (N-cadherin decificient) cancer cells to metformin and found that LNCaP cells were sensitive to metformin, but resistant to N-cadherin neutralizing antibody GC-4 (Fig. 1D). Here, NDRG1 is linked to cancer.