INS and diabetes mellitus: The results showed that treatment with DGLHD: 1) increased insulin secretion and sensitivity and reduced the incidence of diabetes (Fig. 1); 2) decreased the extent of pancreatic β cell damage (Fig. 4); 3) decreased the extent of islet inflammatory responses (Fig. 2); 4) down-regulated the production of Th1-type cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-2) and up-regulated the production of Th2-type cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β1) (Fig. 3) during the progression of diabetes.