The analysis of the mRNA levels showed a significant increase in both the deleterious [Chop/Grp78] ratio (54-fold increase), and inflammasome components (caspase-4, caspase-1 and IL-1β) in NASH patients (n=9) compared with patients without NAFLD (n=6) and with steatosis (n=15, Figure 6a). This evidence concerns the gene HSPA5 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.