A difference in change in PSA between the groups at 24 months was observed (p < 0.001); fewer intervention men had a clinically raised PSA indicating progression than the control arm (p < 0.05); there were fewer bone metastasis in the intervention group (p < 0.02), and prostate cancer mortality was lower in the intervention group (p < 0.001). This evidence concerns the gene KLK3 and prostate cancer.