Using the cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics (cbioportal.org) [59, 60] which integrates data from several databases including The Cancer Genome Atlas, we found that DKK1 was altered at the level of either mRNA upregulation, mutation, homozygous deletion or amplification in a total of 6-9 % of lung adeno- or squamous cell carcinoma patients [61, 62]. The gene discussed is DKK1; the disease is squamous cell carcinoma.