EGFR and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Examples include EGFR mutation status as a predictive marker for sensitivity or resistance to anti-EGFR therapies including erlotinib/gefitinib in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and BRAF mutation status as a predictive marker for the B-Raf inhibitor, Vemurafenib, associated with metastatic melanoma [7, 9–11].