Since the nAchR is mainly expressed in neuron and affects neurodegenerative disease progression [35], the effects of nicotine on promoting lung cancer development, reducing the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents [8], and activating hypoxia-inducible factor-1 α expression [9] can not exclude the potential roles of nAchR in regulating the function of DCs and neuron. This evidence concerns the gene CHRNA4 and lung cancer.