The combination of peptide epitope of tyrosine-related protein 2 (Trp2) and CpG-based nanovaccine with siRNA against TGF-β, which is one of the major cytokines responsible for induction and maintenance of immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, has significantly improved the therapeutic efficacy of nanoparticle-based cancer vaccine in a late-stage murine melanoma model [76]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and neoplasm.