The results presented provide a mechanistic understanding of how HER-1/IGF-1R and HER-1/HER-2 signaling influences complex biological processes in these cancer cell lines, and the promising results support the rationale for dual targeting with HER-1 and HER-2 or IGF-1R as an improved treatment regimen for advanced therapy tailored to EC and TNBC. This evidence concerns the gene IGF1R and cancer.