HOTAIR also regulates BCSCs, and microarray analysis reveals HOTAIR overexpression upregualtes the genes related to stemness and EMT, such as CD44, STAT3, ALDH2, ZEB1 and VIM, but the tumor initiating frequency in vivo assay are needed to demonstrate the role of HOTAIR in regulating BCSCs further (Padua Alves et al., 2013). This evidence concerns the gene CD44 and neoplasm.