Previously, it has been reported that infusion of TNF-α to pregnant rodents to roughly equivalent levels seen in pre-eclamptic patients results in hypertension, though the degree of hypertension displayed is not equivalent to that seen in placental ischemia models (Alexander et al., 2002; LaMarca et al., 2005; Gadonski et al., 2006). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and Hypertension.