Inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) secreted by the infiltrating immune cells, particularly CD8+ T cells, as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been shown to play an important role in the pancreatic β-cell destruction and the insulitis that occurred in type 1 autoimmune diabetes [11]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is autoimmune type 1 diabetes.