TLR4 and infection: Although until now it is not completely clear how HBV or HCV induces TLR4 activation, both infections require strong initial immune response, mainly mediated by IFN α/β, which are products of activation of TLR4 [5]; it is assumed that a functional impairment due to changing in the receptor, caused by polymorphisms studied herein, may be associated with progression to chronic form of the infection and consequently the worsening of the patient's clinical and laboratory markers.