Previous studies have also shown a relationship between TLR4 and infection with HBV and HCV, indicating that HCV NS5A protein induces the expression of TLR4 [6] and that TLR4 is regulated by HBV in the hepatocytes of chronic carriers of the virus [21], resulting in inhibition of viral replication through increased production of IFNs [22]. This evidence concerns the gene TLR4 and infection.