Blood IP-10 levels were significantly increased in “active TB” children and “respiratory diseases” children compared to HAD, independent of HIV status (HIV-uninfected “active TB” children versus HAD: p ≤ 0.0001; HIV-uninfected “respiratory diseases” children versus HAD: p ≤ 0.0001; HIV-infected “active TB” children versus HAD: p ≤ 0.0001; HIV-infected “respiratory diseases” children versus HAD: p ≤ 0.0001) (Figures 2(a) and 2(b); Table 2). The gene discussed is CXCL10; the disease is tuberculosis.