Considering that CCL4 has been shown to be expressed by macrophages in response to modified LDL (Wiesner et al., 2010) and that its receptor, CCR5, mediates Gr1low recruitment in atherosclerosis (Tacke et al., 2007), our data raise the possibility that this chemokine may play a key role in the increased CVD risk observed in chronic diseases associated with elevated TGRLs. This evidence concerns the gene CCL4 and atherosclerosis.