However, vaccine-induced CD8+ T-cell responses against HIV-1 Gag proteins have not been associated with prevention or control of HIV-1 infection in randomised controlled clinical trials involving large numbers of patients [2,10], though a clinical trial of an Ad5/Gag vaccine as a therapeutic vaccine did demonstrate that vaccine-induced Gag-specific CD4+ T-cells producing IFN-γ correlated with control of HIV-1 replication [11]. This evidence concerns the gene IFNG and HIV-1 infection.