However, effective elimination of circulating tumor cells, which are indicative of recurrence, requires hepatic macrophages, which depend on CSF1.10, 42, 43 The ability to enhance the innate immune capacity of the liver by increasing hepatic macrophage density may be valuable from an antimicrobial standpoint and theoretically may reduce cancer recurrence rates, which can reach 60%.44 Here, CSF1 is linked to cancer.