Indeed, in most mouse and human cancers, the presence of immune cells, such as cytotoxic T cells and DCs (in particular, the Batf3-dependent CD103+ sub-type), or of inflammatory mediators, such as type I interferons (IFNs), IFN-γ, and IL-12, is associated with good prognosis (Fridman et al., 2012; Gajewski et al., 2013; Vesely et al., 2011). This evidence concerns the gene BATF3 and cancer.