Consistent with the findings in prostate cancer cells, we observed strong inhibition in the proliferation and colony formation of AR-positive bladder cancer cells in the presence of androgen (i.e. normal FBS, DHT treatment), but not in the former of AR-positive cells in androgen-depleted conditions or that of AR-negative cells, by ELK1 knockdown. The gene discussed is ELK1; the disease is prostate carcinoma.