ELANE and ataxia telangiectasia: 2013). Recent evidence has also indicated that administration of a high-fat diet (HFD) increased the cell number of neutrophils in murine AT (Carmon et al. 2008). Neutrophils produce several proteases, which can promote the activation and infiltration of macrophages. Interestingly, Talukdar et al. (2012) reported that neutrophil elastase (NE)-deficient obese mice have reduced number of inflammatory macrophages and expression of inflammatory cytokines in their AT, suggesting that NE may be of central importance in the development of AT inflammation.