Accordingly, the aim of this study was (1) to determine the allelic and genotype prevalences of RANTES gene polymorphisms, namely −403G/A, −28C/G and In1.1T/C in a population of children from a malaria-endemic area (Iganga, Uganda); and, (2) to investigate the relationship between these polymorphisms with malaria incidence, parasite densities upon malaria diagnosis and the length of time to first re-infection following curative malaria treatment in this children’s cohort. This evidence concerns the gene CCL5 and malaria.