TNF and congenital rubella syndrome: Patients with CRS had non-significantly increased levels of sputum TNF-α (geometric mean: 10.3ng/ml vs. 8.3 ng/ml, P = 0.30), IL-6 (geometric mean: 2.6ng/ml vs. 2.0ng/ml, P = 0.14) and IL-8 (geometric mean: 117.3ng/ml vs. 110.4ng/ml, P = 0.52), but not IL-1β (geometric mean: 18.6ng/ml vs. 19.7ng/ml, P = 0.85).