Acute hyperinsulinemia (induced by intravenous (IV) insulin infusion) increases Aβ1-42 peptide levels in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in an age-dependent fashion in normal, older adults [68], and has pro-inflammatory effects in the CNS (most notably in the hippocampus and hypothalamus) [69]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is Hyperinsulinemia.