NMD3 and neoplasm: XPO1 mediates export of ribosomal subunits from the nucleus utilizing the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling adaptor protein NMD3 [33], and the inhibition of ribosomal biogenesis has been shown to impair DNA occupancy of HSF1 which regulates genes controlling heat-shock proteins, protein synthesis [34], and energy metabolism, important to tumor cell survival and proliferation [26].