These findings revealed that latent infection is associated with an increased frequency of two CD4+ T-cell subsets, those producing IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α simultaneously (triple-positive) and those producing IFN-γ in combination with TNF-α, indicating a possible protective role of these cells population in maintaining latent inflection. Here, CD4 is linked to disease arising from reactivation of latent virus.