Significantly greater frequencies of both “IFN-γ+ TNF-α+” and “IFN-γ+ IL-2+ TNF-α+” CD4+ T-cell subsets were observed in LTBI patients compared to active TB patients (P = 0.003 and P = 0.034, respectively; by Mann-Whitney test) (Figure 3(a)). Here, TNF is linked to tuberculosis.