It is likely that the up-regulation Cdkn1b and E2f-1 may lead to intracellular mobilization of cell-cycle proteins and transcriptional regulators in ALS glia (Weinberg, 1995; Ranganathan and Bowser, 2003) and also in ALS activated Schwann cells. The gene discussed is E2F1; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.